Kariyar walƙiya

Kariyar walƙiyaDangane da ƙwarewar aiki da ma'auni na injiniyan kariya na walƙiya a gida da waje, tsarin kariya na walƙiya ya kamata ya kare tsarin gaba ɗaya. Kariyar tsarin duka ya ƙunshi kariya ta walƙiya ta waje da kariya ta walƙiya ta ciki. Kariyar walƙiya ta waje ta haɗa da adaftar filasha, layin ƙasa da tsarin ƙasa. Kariyar walƙiya ta ciki ta haɗa da duk ƙarin matakan don hana tasirin wutar lantarki da maganadisu na igiyoyin walƙiya a cikin sararin samaniya mai kariya. Baya ga duk abubuwan da ke sama, akwai haɗin daidaitaccen kariyar walƙiya, wanda ke rage yuwuwar bambance-bambancen da ƙananan walƙiya ke haifarwa.Dangane da ka'idojin kariya na walƙiya na duniya, sararin samaniya yana nufin tsarin tsarin da tsarin kariya na walƙiya ya kare. Babban aikin kariya na walƙiya shine katse walƙiyar ta hanyar haɗa tsarin walƙiya da fitar da hasken walƙiya zuwa tsarin ƙasa ta hanyar zana tsarin. A cikin tsarin ƙasa, hasken walƙiya yana bazuwa cikin ƙasa. Bugu da kari, dole ne a rage rikicewar rikice-rikice masu iya jurewa, mai iya aiki, da kuma haifar da “haɗe-haɗe” zuwa ƙima mara lahani a sararin da aka karewa.A cikin Jamus, DIN VDE 0185 Sashe na 1 da 2, masu dacewa da ƙira, ginawa, fadadawa da sabunta tsarin kariya na walƙiya, an aiwatar da su tun daga 1982. Duk da haka, wannan ma'auni na VDE ba ya haɗa da cikakkun ka'idoji akan ko gine-gine dole ne su sami tsarin kariya na walƙiya. . Za a iya yanke shawara kan ka'idojin gine-gine na Tarayyar Jamus, dokokin ƙasa da na gida da ka'idoji da ka'idoji da umarnin kamfanonin inshora, da yanke shawara kan tsarin kariya na walƙiya don mallakar mallakar Tarayyar Jamus. da aka yi a kan halayensu masu haɗari.Idan ba a buƙatar tsarin gini ko gini don samun tsarin kariya ta walƙiya a ƙarƙashin ka'idar gine-gine ta ƙasa, gaba ɗaya ya rage ga Hukumar gine-gine, mai gida ko ma'aikata su yanke shawara kan larura. Idan an yanke shawarar shigar da tsarin kariya na walƙiya, dole ne a yi shi daidai da ƙa'idodi ko ƙa'idodi masu dacewa. Koyaya, ƙa'idodi, ƙa'idodi ko ƙa'idodi waɗanda aka karɓa azaman aikin injiniya kawai suna ƙayyadaddun mafi ƙarancin buƙatu a lokacin shigar su. Daga lokaci zuwa lokaci, ci gaba a fagen aikin injiniya da abubuwan binciken kimiyya na baya-bayan nan ana rubuta su cikin sabbin ka'idoji ko ƙa'idodi. Don haka, DIN VDE 0185 Sassan 1 da 2 a halin yanzu suna aiki ne kawai suna nuna matakin aikin injiniya daga kusan shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Tsarin sarrafa kayan aikin gini da sarrafa bayanan lantarki sun sami gagarumin canje-canje a cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata. Saboda haka, tsarin kariyar walƙiya da aka tsara da kuma gina su a matakin injiniya na shekaru 20 da suka wuce ba su isa ba. Kididdigar lalacewa ta kamfanin inshora ta tabbatar da wannan gaskiyar. Koyaya, ƙwarewar kwanan nan a cikin binciken walƙiya da aikin injiniya ana nunawa a cikin ƙa'idodin kariyar walƙiya ta duniya. A cikin ma'auni na kariyar walƙiya, Kwamitin Fasaha na IEC 81 (TC81) yana da ikon kasa da kasa, CENELEC's TC81X yana da iko a Turai (yanki), kuma Kwamitin Fasaha na Jamus (DKE) K251 yana da ikon ƙasa. Matsayi na yanzu da ayyuka na gaba na daidaitattun IEC suna aiki a cikin wannan filin. Ta hanyar CENELEC, ana canza ma'aunin IEC zuwa Matsayin Turai (ES) (wani lokaci ana canzawa): misali, IEC 61024-1 ana canza shi zuwa ENV 61024-1. Amma CENELEC shima yana da nasa ma'auni: EN 50164-1 zuwa EN 50164-1, misali.IEC 61024-1: 190-03, "Kariyar Walƙiya na Gine-gine Sashe na 1: Gabaɗaya Ka'idoji", wanda ke aiki a duk duniya tun Maris 1990.• Daftarin Matsayin Turai ENV 61024-1: 1995-01, "Kariyar Walƙiya na Gine-gine - Sashe na 1: Ka'idodin Gabaɗaya", daga Janairu 1995.• Daftarin ma'auni (an fassara shi zuwa harsunan ƙasa) yana kan gwaji a ƙasashen Turai (kimanin shekaru 3). Misali, an buga daftarin ma'aunin a Jamus kamar yadda DIN V ENV 61024-1 (VDE V 0185 Sashe na 100) (tare da ƙari na ƙasa) (Kariyar walƙiya na gine-gine Sashe na 1, Babban Ka'idoji).La'akari na ƙarshe ta CENELEC don zama ma'aunin ɗaure EN 61024-1 ga duk ƙasashen Turai• A Jamus, ana buga ma'auni azaman DIN EN 61024-1 (VDE 0185 Sashe na 100).A watan Agustan 1996, an buga daftarin ma'aunin Jamusanci DIN V ENV 61024-1(VDE V0185 Part 100). Daftarin ma'auni ko DIN VDE 0185-1 (VDE 0185 Part 1) 1982-11 Ana iya ɗaukar shi yayin lokacin miƙa mulki kafin a ƙaddamar da ƙa'idar ƙarshe.ENV 61024-1 an gina shi akan sabuwar fasaha don tabbatar da amincin tsarin. Sabili da haka, a gefe guda, don ƙarin kariya mai inganci, ana bada shawarar yin amfani da ENV61024-1, gami da ƙari na ƙasa. A gefe guda kuma, fara tattara ƙwarewar aikace-aikacen wannan ƙa'idar Turai wanda zai fara aiki nan ba da jimawa ba.Za a yi la'akari da matakan kariya na walƙiya don tsarin musamman a cikin ma'auni bayan DIN VDE 0185-2 (VDE0185 Part 2): 1982-11. Har zuwa lokacin, DIN VDE 0185-2 (VDE 0185 Part 2): 1982-11 yana aiki. Ana iya sarrafa tsarin musamman bisa ga ENV 61024-1, amma ƙarin buƙatun DIN VDE0185-2 (VDE 0185 Sashe na 2): 1982-11 dole ne a la'akari da su.An tsara tsarin kariya na walƙiya da kuma shigar da shi daidai da daftarin ENV 61024-1 don hana lalacewa ga gine-gine. A cikin ginin, ana kuma kare mutane daga haɗarin lalacewar tsarin (misali wuta).Kariyar ginin da lantarki da na'urorin haɓaka injiniyan bayanai akan ginin ba za a iya tabbatar da su ba kawai ta hanyar ma'aunin haɗin haɗin kai na walƙiya na ENV61024-1. Musamman, kariya ga kayan fasahar bayanai (fasaha na sadarwa, aunawa da sarrafawa, hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta, da sauransu) na buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman bisa ga IEC 61312-1: 195-02, "Kariyar Kariyar Pulse Electromagnetic Electromagnetic Part 1: Gabaɗaya Ka'idoji", kamar yadda ƙananan ƙarfin lantarki aka yarda. DIN VDE 0185-103(VDE 0185 Part 103), wanda yayi daidai da IEC 61312-1, yana aiki tun Satumba 1997.Ana iya kimanta haɗarin lalacewa ta hanyar fashewar walƙiya ta amfani da IEC61662; Daidaitaccen 1995-04 "Kimanin Hatsarin Lalacewar Lalacewar da Walƙiya ta haifar" tare da Gyara 1: 1996-05 da Shafi C "Gina masu ɗauke da Tsarin Lantarki".
Lokacin aikawa: Feb-25-2023

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